GoogleOpen weightsApril 2, 2026

Gemma 4 31B

Intelligence, Performance & Price Analysis

Source:Artificial Analysis scrapeType:Open weights
Intelligence
29

score

Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) scores 29 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, placing it well …

vs class avg: 9

Speed
34.4

output tokens/sec

Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) generates output at 34.4 tokens per second (based on Google's API), which …

Latency
1.00s

TTFT

Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) has a time to first token (TTFT) of 1. …

Input Price#1/130
$0.00
Output Price#1/130
$0.00

Decision Overview

Ethen's intelligence-driven routing assessment for this model

Overall verdict

Strong general-purpose model

Suitable for most production tasks, but high-volume or repetitive work should still be compared against cheaper routes.

Best for

  • Code generation
  • Content analysis
  • Structured extraction
  • Customer-facing chat
  • Interactive turn-taking

Weak or unsuitable

  • Extremely long-context tasks
  • Ultra-low-latency requirements

Routing recommendation

1

Use the fit matrix to compare against cheaper routes when volume rises

Cost pressure

Competitive pricing — $0.00 / M input, $0.00 / M output. Cost pressure is low enough for sustained production use.

Model-fit matrix

Use this model where capability pays for itself; route away where volume, latency, or budget dominate.

Use caseFitReasonRouting note
Complex reasoning & agentic workflowsStrongIntelligence score 29 supports capable reasoning, but very hard tasks may benefit from higher-tier models.Good for most complex tasks; consider a frontier model for the hardest 10%.
High-volume chat & customer-facingModerateOutput speed may be a bottleneck for real-time chat at scale.Consider a faster model for latency-sensitive chat.
Latency-sensitive applicationsStrongTTFT 1.00s — adequate latency for most interactive use cases.Suitable for real-time; test with your specific workload.
Cost-sensitive pipelinesExcellentOutput pricing at $0.00 is very competitive for high-volume workloads.Excellent for budget-constrained pipelines; enable caching to reduce costs further.

Cost pressure

Low

Pricing is competitive — input $0.00, output $0.00. Suitable for sustained production use.

Cheaper substitutes

No cheaper substitute is supported by the current price data.

Route away when

  • Extreme scale where even low costs matter

Highlights

Key benchmark results at a glance.

Intelligence

Intelligence position

Open section

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index · Higher is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) scores 29 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, placing it well above average among other open weight models of similar size (median: 9).

0204060Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): 6060AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…GPT-5.5 (xhigh): 5555AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)GLM-5.2 (max): 5151?GLM-5.2 (max)Gemini 3.5 Flash: 5050GGemini 3.5 FlashMiniMax-M3: 4444?MiniMax-M3DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 4444DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Kimi K2.6: 4444KKimi K2.6Muse Spark: 4343?Muse SparkNemotron 3 Ultra: 3838NNemotron 3 UltraGrok 4.3 (high): 3838xGrok 4.3 (high)Gemma 4 31B: 2929?Gemma 4 31Bgpt-oss-120b (high): 2424AIgpt-oss-120b (high)

Speed

Speed position

Open section

Output tokens per second · Higher is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) generates output at 34.4 tokens per second (based on Google's API), which is at the lower end compared to other open weight models of similar size (median: 101.8 t/s).

088175263350gpt-oss-120b (high): 316316AIgpt-oss-120b (high)Nemotron 3 Ultra: 248248NNemotron 3 UltraGLM-5.2 (max): 216216?GLM-5.2 (max)gpt-oss-20b (high): 197197AIgpt-oss-20b (high)Gemini 3.5 Flash: 192192GGemini 3.5 FlashMistral Small 3.1: 171171MiMistral Small 3.1Qwen3.6 35B A3B: 166166QQwen3.6 35B A3BGrok 4.3 (high): 164164xGrok 4.3 (high)Mistral Small 3.2: 147147MiMistral Small 3.2Qwen3 30B A3B 2507: 133133QQwen3 30B A3B 2507NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano: 116116NNVIDIA Nemotron 3 NanoMiniMax-M3: 9595?MiniMax-M3

Context, Cost & Pricing

Price/value position

Open section

Weighted average cost (USD) per Intelligence Index task · Lower is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Pricing is competitive — input $0.00, output $0.00. Suitable for sustained production use.

$0.00$1.00$2.00$3.00$4.00$5.00DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): $0.04$0.04DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)gpt-oss-120b (high): $0.06$0.06AIgpt-oss-120b (high)MiniMax-M3: $0.12$0.12?MiniMax-M3Grok 4.3 (high): $0.14$0.14xGrok 4.3 (high)Nemotron 3 Ultra: $0.24$0.24NNemotron 3 UltraKimi K2.6: $0.35$0.35KKimi K2.6GLM-5.2 (max): $0.37$0.37?GLM-5.2 (max)Gemini 3.5 Flash: $0.59$0.59GGemini 3.5 FlashGPT-5.5 (xhigh): $0.86$0.86AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): $2.75$2.75AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…

Intelligence & Quality

Benchmark scores and quality indices measuring model capability.

AA-Omniscience Index

AA-Omniscience Index (higher is better) measures knowledge reliability and hallucination. It rewards correct answers, penalizes hallucinations, and has no penalty for refusing to answer. Scores range from -100 to 100, where 0 means as many correct as incorrect answers, and negative scores mean more incorrect than correct. · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

-50050Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): 4040AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…Gemini 3.5 Flash: 2323GGemini 3.5 FlashGPT-5.5 (xhigh): 2020AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)Grok 4.3 (high): 1818xGrok 4.3 (high)Kimi K2.6: 6.46.4KKimi K2.6Muse Spark: 4.14.1?Muse SparkGLM-5.2 (max): 44?GLM-5.2 (max)MiniMax-M3: 1.41.4?MiniMax-M3Nemotron 3 Ultra: -0.8-0.8NNemotron 3 UltraDeepSeek V4 Pro (max): -10-10DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Gemma 4 31B: -45.4-45.4?Gemma 4 31B

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index by Open Weights / Proprietary

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.1 incorporates 9 evaluations: GDPval-AA v2, 𝜏³-Banking, Terminal-Bench v2.1, SciCode, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt, AA-Omniscience, AA-LCR · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

0204060Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): 6060AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…GPT-5.5 (xhigh): 5555AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)GLM-5.2 (max): 5151?GLM-5.2 (max)Gemini 3.5 Flash: 5050GGemini 3.5 FlashMiniMax-M3: 4444?MiniMax-M3DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 4444DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Kimi K2.6: 4444KKimi K2.6Muse Spark: 4343?Muse SparkNemotron 3 Ultra: 3838NNemotron 3 UltraGrok 4.3 (high): 3838xGrok 4.3 (high)Gemma 4 31B: 2929?Gemma 4 31B

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.1 incorporates 9 evaluations: GDPval-AA v2, 𝜏³-Banking, Terminal-Bench v2.1, SciCode, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt, AA-Omniscience, AA-LCR · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

0204060Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): 6060AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…GPT-5.5 (xhigh): 5555AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)GLM-5.2 (max): 5151?GLM-5.2 (max)Gemini 3.5 Flash: 5050GGemini 3.5 FlashMiniMax-M3: 4444?MiniMax-M3DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 4444DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Kimi K2.6: 4444KKimi K2.6Muse Spark: 4343?Muse SparkNemotron 3 Ultra: 3838NNemotron 3 UltraGrok 4.3 (high): 3838xGrok 4.3 (high)Gemma 4 31B: 2929?Gemma 4 31B

Artificial Analysis Openness Index: Score

Openness Index assesses model openness on a 0 to 100 normalized scale (higher is more open) · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

050100Nemotron 3 Ultra: 8383NNemotron 3 UltraNVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano: 8383NNVIDIA Nemotron 3 NanoDeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 5050DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Magistral Small 1.2: 5050?Magistral Small 1.2GLM-5.2 (max): 4444?GLM-5.2 (max)Qwen3 30B A3B 2507: 4444QQwen3 30B A3B 2507Gemma 4 31B: 3939?Gemma 4 31Bgpt-oss-120b (high): 3939AIgpt-oss-120b (high)Qwen3.6 27B: 3939QQwen3.6 27BQwen3.6 35B A3B: 3939QQwen3.6 35B A3B

Intelligence

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index · Higher is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

0204060Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): 6060AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…GPT-5.5 (xhigh): 5555AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)GLM-5.2 (max): 5151?GLM-5.2 (max)Gemini 3.5 Flash: 5050GGemini 3.5 FlashMiniMax-M3: 4444?MiniMax-M3DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 4444DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Kimi K2.6: 4444KKimi K2.6Muse Spark: 4343?Muse SparkNemotron 3 Ultra: 3838NNemotron 3 UltraGrok 4.3 (high): 3838xGrok 4.3 (high)Gemma 4 31B: 2929?Gemma 4 31B

Speed & Throughput

Output tokens per second and generation throughput.

Output Speed

Output tokens per second · Higher is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

088175263350gpt-oss-120b (high): 316316AIgpt-oss-120b (high)Nemotron 3 Ultra: 248248NNemotron 3 UltraGLM-5.2 (max): 216216?GLM-5.2 (max)gpt-oss-20b (high): 197197AIgpt-oss-20b (high)Gemini 3.5 Flash: 192192GGemini 3.5 FlashMistral Small 3.1: 171171MiMistral Small 3.1Qwen3.6 35B A3B: 166166QQwen3.6 35B A3BGrok 4.3 (high): 164164xGrok 4.3 (high)Mistral Small 3.2: 147147MiMistral Small 3.2Qwen3 30B A3B 2507: 133133QQwen3 30B A3B 2507

Speed

Output tokens per second · Higher is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

088175263350gpt-oss-120b (high): 316316AIgpt-oss-120b (high)Nemotron 3 Ultra: 248248NNemotron 3 UltraGLM-5.2 (max): 216216?GLM-5.2 (max)Gemini 3.5 Flash: 192192GGemini 3.5 FlashGrok 4.3 (high): 164164xGrok 4.3 (high)MiniMax-M3: 9595?MiniMax-M3GPT-5.5 (xhigh): 8888AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)Kimi K2.6: 7676KKimi K2.6DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 7272DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): 7171AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…Gemma 4 31B: 3434?Gemma 4 31B

Latency & Response Time

Time to first token and end-to-end response latency.

End-to-End Response Time

Seconds to output 500 tokens, including reasoning model 'thinking' time · Lower is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

0s15s30s45s60sGemma 4 31B: 15s15s?Gemma 4 31BQwen3.5 9B: 8.4s8.4sQQwen3.5 9BQwen3.6 27B: 8.4s8.4sQQwen3.6 27BDevstral Small 2: 7.4s7.4s?Devstral Small 2Kimi K2.6: 6.6s6.6sKKimi K2.6Ministral 3 14B: 6.4s6.4s?Ministral 3 14BMagistral Small 1.2: 6.2s6.2s?Magistral Small 1.2Qwen3 32B: 5.4s5.4sQQwen3 32BMiniMax-M3: 5.2s5.2s?MiniMax-M3NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano: 4.3s4.3sNNVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano

Latency: Time To First Answer Token

Seconds to first answer token received · Accounts for reasoning model 'thinking' time · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

0s15s30s45s60sKimi K2.6: 58s58sKKimi K2.6Gemma 4 31B: 50s50s?Gemma 4 31BQwen3.5 9B: 34s34sQQwen3.5 9BQwen3.6 35B A3B: 33s33sQQwen3.6 35B A3BMagistral Small 1.2: 25s25s?Magistral Small 1.2Qwen3 32B: 21s21sQQwen3 32BMiniMax-M3: 21s21s?MiniMax-M3NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano: 17s17sNNVIDIA Nemotron 3 NanoQwen3 30B A3B 2507: 15s15sQQwen3 30B A3B 2507gpt-oss-20b (high): 10s10sAIgpt-oss-20b (high)

Context, Cost & Pricing

Context window size, cost per task, and token pricing.

Context Window

Context window: tokens limit · Higher is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

0250k500k750k1MGemini 3.5 Flash: 1M1MGGemini 3.5 FlashClaude Fable 5 (with fallback): 1M1MAClaude Fable 5 (with fal…GLM-5.2 (max): 1M1M?GLM-5.2 (max)DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 1M1MDDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Grok 4.3 (high): 1M1MxGrok 4.3 (high)MiniMax-M3: 1M1M?MiniMax-M3NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano: 1M1MNNVIDIA Nemotron 3 NanoGPT-5.5 (xhigh): 922k922kAIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)Nemotron 3 Ultra: 262k262kNNemotron 3 UltraMuse Spark: 262k262k?Muse SparkGemma 4 31B: 256k256k?Gemma 4 31B

Cost per Intelligence Index Task

Weighted average cost (USD) per Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index task, segmented by token type. Lower is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

00.51Gemini 3.5 Flash: 0.10.1GGemini 3.5 FlashQwen3.6 27B: 00QQwen3.6 27BGLM-5.2 (max): 00?GLM-5.2 (max)Qwen3.6 27B: 00QQwen3.6 27BKimi K2.6: 00KKimi K2.6Qwen3.6 35B A3B: 00QQwen3.6 35B A3BNemotron 3 Ultra: 00NNemotron 3 UltraMiniMax-M3: 00?MiniMax-M3Grok 4.3 (high): 00xGrok 4.3 (high)Magistral Small 1.2: 00?Magistral Small 1.2

Cost per Task

Weighted average cost (USD) per Intelligence Index task · Lower is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

$0.00$1.00$2.00$3.00$4.00$5.00Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): $2.75$2.75AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…GPT-5.5 (xhigh): $0.86$0.86AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)Gemini 3.5 Flash: $0.59$0.59GGemini 3.5 FlashGLM-5.2 (max): $0.37$0.37?GLM-5.2 (max)Kimi K2.6: $0.35$0.35KKimi K2.6Nemotron 3 Ultra: $0.24$0.24NNemotron 3 UltraGrok 4.3 (high): $0.14$0.14xGrok 4.3 (high)MiniMax-M3: $0.12$0.12?MiniMax-M3gpt-oss-120b (high): $0.06$0.06AIgpt-oss-120b (high)DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): $0.04$0.04DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)

Cost to Run Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index

Cost (USD) to run all evaluations in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

050100150200Qwen3.6 35B A3B: 165165QQwen3.6 35B A3BGemini 3.5 Flash: 114114GGemini 3.5 FlashQwen3.6 27B: 8888QQwen3.6 27BNemotron 3 Ultra: 3434NNemotron 3 UltraGLM-5.2 (max): 3333?GLM-5.2 (max)Qwen3.6 27B: 2828QQwen3.6 27BKimi K2.6: 2525KKimi K2.6MiniMax-M3: 1515?MiniMax-M3Grok 4.3 (high): 1313xGrok 4.3 (high)Magistral Small 1.2: 8.28.2?Magistral Small 1.2

Pricing: Cache Hit, Input, and Output

Price (USD per M Tokens) · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

0250k500k750k1MQwen3 32B: 9.19.1QQwen3 32BGLM-5.2 (max): 6.16.1?GLM-5.2 (max)Kimi K2.6: 5.15.1KKimi K2.6Qwen3.6 27B: 4.24.2QQwen3.6 27BQwen3.6 27B: 4.24.2QQwen3.6 27BGrok 4.3 (high): 44xGrok 4.3 (high)Nemotron 3 Ultra: 3.63.6NNemotron 3 UltraQwen3 30B A3B 2507: 2.62.6QQwen3 30B A3B 2507Magistral Small 1.2: 22?Magistral Small 1.2Qwen3.6 35B A3B: 1.71.7QQwen3.6 35B A3Binputoutputcache Hit

Time per Intelligence Index Task

Weighted average decode time (minutes) per task; excludes TTFT and overhead time · Lower is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

02468Qwen3.6 27B: 6.56.5QQwen3.6 27BGemma 4 31B: 5.55.5?Gemma 4 31BClaude Fable 5 (with fallback): 4.84.8AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…MiniMax-M3: 44?MiniMax-M3NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano: 3.23.2NNVIDIA Nemotron 3 NanoQwen3.6 27B: 33QQwen3.6 27BGPT-5.5 (xhigh): 33AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)GLM-5.2 (max): 2.82.8?GLM-5.2 (max)Qwen3.6 35B A3B: 2.72.7QQwen3.6 35B A3BQwen3 30B A3B 2507: 2.32.3QQwen3 30B A3B 2507

Architecture & Scale

Model size, parameters, and architectural details.

Model Size: Total and Active Parameters

Comparison between total model parameters and parameters active during inference · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

0250k500k750k1MDeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 1.6k1.6kDDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Kimi K2.6: 1k1kKKimi K2.6GLM-5.2 (max): 753753?GLM-5.2 (max)Nemotron 3 Ultra: 550550NNemotron 3 UltraMiniMax-M3: 428428?MiniMax-M3gpt-oss-120b (high): 117117AIgpt-oss-120b (high)Qwen3.6 35B A3B: 3636QQwen3.6 35B A3BQwen3 32B: 3333QQwen3 32BNVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano: 3232NNVIDIA Nemotron 3 NanoGemma 4 31B: 3131?Gemma 4 31Bpassive Paramsactive Params

Additional Benchmarks

Further benchmark and comparison data.

AA-Briefcase Elo

AA-Briefcase is an agentic knowledge work benchmark developed by Artificial Analysis. AA-Briefcase Elo is a combined metric that aggregates rubric pass rate, analytical quality Elo and presentation Elo · Higher is better · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

00.51Claude Fable 5 (with fallback): 00AClaude Fable 5 (with fal…GLM-5.2 (max): 00?GLM-5.2 (max)GPT-5.5 (xhigh): 00AIGPT-5.5 (xhigh)MiniMax-M3: 00?MiniMax-M3DeepSeek V4 Pro (max): 00DDeepSeek V4 Pro (max)Nemotron 3 Ultra: 00NNemotron 3 UltraGemini 3.5 Flash: 00GGemini 3.5 FlashKimi K2.6: 00KKimi K2.6Qwen3.6 27B: 00QQwen3.6 27BGrok 4.3 (high): 00xGrok 4.3 (high)Gemma 4 31B: 00?Gemma 4 31B

Output Tokens per Intelligence Index Task

Weighted average number of output tokens used to run one task in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index · Evaluation results measured independently by Artificial Analysis

Source and methodology are summarized below

Chart source and provenance are listed in Methodology & sources below.

050001000015000Qwen3.6 35B A3B: 1433214332QQwen3.6 35B A3BMinistral 3 14B: 1174611746?Ministral 3 14BMiniMax-M3: 1162311623?MiniMax-M3Qwen3.6 27B: 1139011390QQwen3.6 27BGemini 3.5 Flash: 98199819GGemini 3.5 FlashDiffusionGemma 26B A4B: 94439443?DiffusionGemma 26B A4BMistral Small 3.2: 80688068MiMistral Small 3.2Nemotron 3 Ultra: 77977797NNemotron 3 UltraQwen3.6 27B: 69866986QQwen3.6 27BDevstral Small 2: 61646164?Devstral Small 2Gemma 4 31B: 36923692?Gemma 4 31B

Specifications

Technical Specifications

Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) scores 29 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, placing it well above average among other open weight models of similar size (median: 9). Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) generates output at 34.4 tokens per second (based on Google's API), which is at the lower end compared to other open weight models of similar size (median: 101.8 t/s).

Gemma 4 31B

Model type
Open weights
Reasoning
Yes
Input modalities
Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) supports text, image, and video input.
Output modalities
Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) supports text output.
Context window
260k tokens
Open weights / source
Yes, Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) is open weights. The model weights are publicly available and can be downloaded for self-hosting.
Parameters
Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) has 30.7 billion parameters.
License
Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) is released under the Apache 2.0 license. This license allows commercial use.
API availability
Yes, Gemma 4 31B (Reasoning) is available via API through 12 providers.

Methodology & Provenance

This page is rendered from the normalized profile and page JSON for Gemma 4 31B.

Benchmark values are preserved as normalized; only layout, disclosure ordering, and typography are adjusted for readability.

Frequently Asked Questions